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‘joint commitment underlies a host of central social phenomena in the human realm’;
\citep[p.~400]{gilbert:2014_book}
it is a ‘precondition of the correct ascription’ of acting together, collective belief, shared intention, and more’
\citep[p.~9]{gilbert:2014_book}
 

Which forms of shared agency underpin our social nature?

 

Question

What distinguishes genuine joint actions from parallel but merely individual actions?

 
‘the key property of joint action lies in its internal component [...] in the participants’ having a “collective” or “shared” intention.’
\citep[pp.~444--5]{alonso_shared_2009}
 
Shared intention stands to joint action as ordinary, individual intention stands to ordinary individual action.
 
‘Any joint commitment can be described in a statement of the following form:’ ‘A, B, and so on (or those with property P) are jointly committed as far as is possible (by virtue of their several actions) to emulate a single doer of X’. \citep[p.~311]{gilbert:2014_book}
 
‘What is a “single body” [...]? whereas a single human being constitutes a single body [...], a plurality of human individuals does not in and of itself constitute such a body. [...] however, such a plurality can emulate such a body—one with a plurality not only of limbs, eyes, and ears, but also of noses and mouths’
\citep[p.~116]{gilbert:2014_book}
 
‘a “body” here is understood to be a non-collective body.’
 
In manifesting any collective phenomenon, we can truly say ‘We have created a third thing, and each of us is one of the parts’
\citep[p.~269]{gilbert:2014_book}
 
‘when two or more people share an intention, none of them need to have a contributory intention.’
\citep[p.~103]{gilbert:2014_book}
 
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{img/gilbert_table.png}
\end{center}

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